The Role of the Important Agricultural Heritage Systems in the Construction of China’s National Park System and the Optimisation of the Protected Area System     

HE Siyuan  DING Lubin  MIN Qingwen 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(4):444-452

Conservation-compatible development of rural communities is an important part of nature conservation objectives. Understanding the role of agriculture, which is often practiced in or bordering the protected areas in rural China, is critical for managing conservation networks considering that limited spatial areas are available for enclosed protected areas. Important Agricultural Heritage Systems stand out for their multi-functionality, and some of their values are compatible with nature conservation. This paper examined the concept, management objectives and resource management characteristics of the Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS) by analysing their interactions with national parks in terms of community development. The results reveal that management strategies of dynamic conservation, integrated protection and adaptive management of the IAHS can contribute to those national park management objectives concerning conservation-compatible livelihood. However, the typology of the protected area system, including the traditional agricultural system as a new type, needs further consideration.  相似文献   

Characteristics of nonpoint source pollution load from crop farming in the context of livelihood diversification     

Jing’an Shao  Zhilin Huang  Hua Deng 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,28(4):459-476

Based on objective data collected from interviews in typical villages of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the present study devised three livelihood scenarios related to rural transformation development: agriculturally dominant livelihood, multiple-type livelihood and non-agriculturally dominant livelihood. Moreover, the present study reports the trend characteristics of nonpoint source pollution load of crop farming in relation to the transformation of dominant livelihood types, and discussed the primary factors which affect livelihood type transformations. Results indicated the following: (1) The current farmland pattern shows a trend of diversification as self-cultivation, cropland transfer and fallow in the sample region. Dynamic characteristics of cultivated land present a special feature that is more “transfer-into” than “transfer-out”. Various scales of planting are represented among the various households, according to the following decreasing order: half-labor household > non-labor household > adequate labor household. (2) The highest pollution loading produced by crop farming occurs in half-labor households while the lowest occurs in non-labor households. With increasing labor, the pollution load per unit area tends to first increase and then decrease within families with enough labor. (3) As the type of livelihood transitions from agriculturally dominant to non-agriculturally dominant, the maximum reduction of total pollution loading produced by the agricultural industry can reach 72.01%. Compared to agriculturally dominant livelihoods, multiple-type livelihoods produce a pollution load reduction yield of 19.61%–29.85%, and non-agriculturally dominant livelihoods reduce the pollution load yield by 35.20%–72.01%. However, the rate of reduction of total nitrogen is not the same as total phosphorus. (4) The non-agricultural characteristics of labor allocation and income promote the transformation from dominant livelihood types to non-agricultural livelihoods, while potential revenue conversion follows a similar trend. In addition, different household types do not display identical conversion rates, according to the following decreasing order: enough labor household > half-labor household > non-labor household. (5) During rapid urbanization and the building of new industrial systems, the livelihood types of rural households have been further transformed to off-farm household types in the mountainous region; this process will lead to the further reduction of pollution load generated by planting and agriculture. Hence, significant decreases in the planting pollution load necessitate the development of control measures to enhance transformations from agricultural to off-farm livelihoods.  相似文献   

Comprehensive Evaluation of Farm Household Livelihood Assets in a Western Mountainous Area of China: A Case Study in Zunyi City     

LIU Zhifei  CHEN Qianru  XIE Hualin 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(2):154-163

As the foundation of farm household structure, livelihood asset status is the basis for farmers to gain opportunities, adopt livelihood strategies, resist livelihood risk, and engage in positive livelihood achievements. Quantifying farm household assets identifies future development trends that are fundamentally necessary to predict farm household vulnerability and strategy, as well as understanding farmers’ current living situations. Using Zunyi City in China’s western mountainous area as a case study, we conducted stratified sampling and participatory rural investigation appraisal to collect data on the attributes of farm households’ livelihood assets and livelihood strategies to establish an index evaluation system and enable evaluation and analysis of farm households with different livelihood strategies. Our research indicates that due to structural differences, total livelihood assets of farm households with different livelihood strategies are similar. Rural households have an abundance of natural and material assets and deficiencies in human, financial and social assets. Non-rural households and part- time households are abundant in human, financial and social assets and deficient in natural and material assets.  相似文献   

城市双元创新驱动因素的时空异质性——以生物医药多元创新要素耦合分区为例     

王璐玮  汪涛  张晗 《地理科学》2021,41(9):1556-1568

构建有向的耦合协调度模型,分析生物医药技术、资金、人才在城市间流动的协同水平,依此划分耦合分区。利用均方差-突变级数法和地理加权回归模型,探究2000—2018年间双元创新冷热点演化格局、双元创新驱动因素的时空异质性及其在不同耦合分区内的主导效应。结果发现：① 城市集聚多元创新要素时“脱钩”现象突出,对外配置多元要素时“雁阵效应”明显。根据多元要素协同流动情况,将地域划分为以依附式耦合为主的保守区、以互惠式耦合为主的平衡区和以吸收式耦合为主的明星区;② 渐进式创新具有时空惰性,突破式创新具有时空间歇性,两者相互反哺,存在时空连锁效应。保守区是主要的双元创新冷点区,平衡区内渐进式创新热点呈现出点-轴扩散的空间增长趋势,突破式创新热点在重要节点城市间跳跃分布,明星区内长三角和珠三角城市群的双元创新热点呈圈层式分布;③ 双元创新的驱动因素具有时序不稳定性和空间异质性,不同耦合分区内城市资产对双元创新的时空主导效应差异明显。  相似文献   

加强科技创新能力 服务经济社会发展——河南省深部探矿工程技术研究中心创新工作回顾与展望          下载免费PDF全文

卢予北  陈莹  申云飞 《探矿工程》2016,43(4):24-29

“十二五”期间,河南省深部探矿工程技术研究中心根据专业学科特点和环境资源新形势,紧密结合生产实际,围绕“加强科技创新能力,服务经济社会发展”的思路和原则,积极开展系列自主创新活动。将空气潜孔锤、气举反循环、孔底螺杆马达、石油钻井、液动潜孔锤、绳索取心等技术根据地层特点进行组合,实现了多工艺钻探技术。在国家应急抗旱救灾、地热清洁能源勘查、复杂地层钻探和钻探相关标准化建设等方面取得了显著成效。结合环境形势和地质工作新常态、利用大地质理念提出了民生地质（工业地质、农业地质、灾害地质、医学地质、新能源地质等）新概念和“十三五”钻探工作的新思路。  相似文献   

民族地区旅游开发对当地群众民生感的影响——基于旅游公平的视角     

赖斌 《地域研究与开发》2016,(5)

基于旅游公平理论,从政府民生活动对当地居民的影响角度提出了"旅游民生感"概念和实际民生感、期望民生感、比较民生感3个测量维度,通过问卷调研数据和对应分析方法进行了实证研究。结果发现:民族地区居民年龄越大对其实际民生感越满意,而工人和中等学历居民则倾向于不满意;对于期望民生感,学生、工人、中低收入和距离景区近的人群趋于不满意;农民的比较民生感趋于满意,而企事业人员、中低收入者、居住地与景区距离居中的人群和高学历人群则对比较民生感趋于不满意。最后,从统筹兼顾、社区公平和弱势群体改善民生诉求3个方面提出了政策建议。  相似文献   

生计多样化背景下种植业非点源污染负荷演变   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

钟建兵  邵景安  杨玉竹 《地理学报》2016,71(7):1201-1214

依托三峡库区典型村农户访谈数据,基于收益最大目标决策框架,设定农村转型发展中3种农户生计类型情景：农业主导生计、兼业转向生计和非农主导生计,解析种植业产污负荷随主导生计非农转向的演变特征,探讨主导生计类型转向的动力机制。结果表明：① 样区耕地经营现状呈自耕、流转与撂荒并存的多元化发展格局,且表现出“入”小于“出”的特征,不同农户家庭类型间实际人均耕种规模为“半劳动力家庭”>“无劳动力家庭”>“劳动力家庭”;② 种植业单位面积产污负荷中,“半劳动力家庭”最高,“劳动力家庭”次之,“无劳动力家庭”最低,“劳动力家庭”内部又随劳动力人数增加呈先增再减趋势;③ 样区农户生计类型由农业主导向非农主导转型过程中,种植业产污负荷最大减幅达72.01%,兼业转向生计情景下削减幅度为19.61%~29.85%,非农主导生计情景下减幅为35.20%~72.01%,但TN、TP的减量特征并不一致;④ 劳动力配置与生计来源“非农化”促使农户主导生计类型向非农转化,生计非农演变的潜在农户收入/福祉权衡亦驱使生计决策转向非农化,不同农户家庭类型对生计转向的敏感程度表现为“劳动力家庭”>“半劳动力家庭”>“无劳动力家庭”;⑤ 在新型城镇化快速推进和创新新型工业体系构建过程中,山区农户生计类型进一步向非农转变,而这一过程又将促使种植业产生的污染负荷量进一步减少,要大幅削减种植业产污负荷,就必须制定有助于山区农户生计非农化的调控对策。  相似文献   

西部开发与“数字地球”     

陈昱 《地球信息科学学报》2000,2(4):14-18

我国实施西部开发战略,是采取以科技为先导,以信息产业为突破口,使之避免和减少对资源掠夺性开发,减少对环境污染,实现资源与经济的可持续发展。“数字地球”在这方面可以发挥巨大的作用。西部开发还必需放在全球变化、东亚大陆时空变迁规律的大环境中,从整体环境和地球大气圈、水圈、固体圈各因子相互作用和耦合过程的角度考虑。而“数字地球”正是具有独特的全球化宏观性,将地球作为一个有机整体来研究。因此,西部开发应充分运用当代“数字地球”这一先进技术群为西部社会、经济和环境的提高发挥更大的作用。使西部信息资源通过智力资本的投入,成为快速增值的知识资产.  相似文献   

Responding to the coffee crisis: a pilot study of farmers' adaptations in Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

HALLIE EAKIN  CATHERINE TUCKER†  EDWIN CASTELLANOS‡ 《The Geographical journal》2006,172(2):156-171

This article explores the impacts of market shocks and institutional change on smallholder livelihoods, and the challenge of adaptation in Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras. The rapid decline in coffee prices since the dissolution of the International Coffee Agreement in 1989 has had widespread and profound impacts across coffee-producing regions. The data collected in the three case studies of this project confirm the severity of the impact, particularly in the Mexican and Guatemalan communities. They also illustrate the importance of the historical relationship between farmers and public institutions in defining farmers' perception of risk, their awareness of the nature of the changes they face, and thus the flexibility of their responses to present and future uncertainty. The project's findings indicate that the existence and development of local networks among farmers, service providers and information sources may be critical for facilitating adaptation, particularly in the context of economic liberalization and globalized agriculture.  相似文献   

基于比较优势的中国农业可持续发展区划   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

许学工  后立胜  林辉平 《地理学报》2002,57(4):451-458

在相对可持续发展能力评估的基础上，完成了基于比较优势的中国农业可持续发展区划。首无建立了具有农业资源，农业发展，环境生态，农村社会，科教管理5个支持系统的农业可持续发展总能力指标体系，共选择源指标95个，采用相对资产／负债评估方法，对省（市，区）级各支持系统和总能力的相对净资产（比较优势）进行了评估，并用GIS与图形库联结显示空间分布。然后在此基础上依据区划则将中国分为9个农业发展地区（一级），22个农业发展副区（二级），一级地区反映农业可持续发展和问题治理的方向，二级副区反映农业可持续发展的水平，从而建立起中国农业可持续发展区划系统。  相似文献